Us Equities And Irrational Expectations. The Recent Behaviour

US Equities and Irrational Expectations The recent behaviour of US equities at such an advanced stage of an economic expansion should not be viewed as something unusual. There was a surge in stock prices in the late-1990s based on the ill-founded view that a supply-side improvement in the economy, founded on new information technology, would perpetually postpone the arrival of profit margin erosion. Investors consequently fell into the trap of believing that the benefits of technological revolution would be solely bestowed on the corporate sector, contrary to the experience of prior episodes where households had enjoyed the bulk of the benefits via lower selling prices. It comes, therefore, as no surprise that the bursting of the†¦show more content†¦The key challenges facing equity investors are, therefore, to correctly forecast what will be passed by the new Administration and when. Currently, nobody has a clue, but equity investors have still priced in the full and undiluted implementation of the Trump agenda. Given the high levels of bullishness since the election, US equities are particularly vulnerable if policy implementation fails to meet expectations. Will Disinflationary Forces Persist Longer Than Expected? The aggressive sell-off in bonds since the Presidential Election is being viewed as a textbook reaction to the economic proposals of the new Administration. Bond investors are taking the bet that any lingering deflationary forces will be truly banished and inflation will start to rise again. Inflationary expectations over the next 5 and 10 years in the Treasury Inflation Protected Securities market have risen by roughly 20 basis points since the Presidential Election, but their current levels are not significantly higher than the Fed’s 2% long-term inflation target. 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Movie Analysis The Movie Starts With Klimt - 1040 Words

1. This movies employs an unreliable and omniscient narration. This film is not structured chronological, but rather takes on the role of square dancing. Therefore, the movie starts with Klimt on a bed in the hospital and the last scene is him, dead, on the same bed. Moreover, the second scene is Klimt being in cafe society event with cake being a recurring object and the scene before he dies focuses on a table full of cakes in that same event. 2. The point of view presented is through a combination of Klimt’s and of Schiele’s. This is represented with the camera angle of the scene right before where Klimt s hallucinations based on his life are shown. The camera directs to Klimt pointing at the mirror which Schiele nears it, and then it ripples into Klimt’s life. Both of these artists’ style is mostly absurd and distorted, which reflects the way their mind is working, and because of this, it does to an extent hinder the objective of the film. 3. There are three distinct main characters in this film. They include Gustav Klimt the artist, Midi the fashion designer and a life companion of Klimt and Schiele who is Klimt’s protege. There is a fourth main character that is mentioned by the name of Lea De Castro an actress from George Milenes’ movie, where Klimt falls â€Å"in love† with her. However, there is no certainty that she is a real person as she is portrayed in doubles. Moreover, Klimt saw her as a ‘perfect’ woman, which opposes his view represented his paintings. He

The Effect Of External Factors On Purchase Free Essays

The results demonstrate that demographic, geographic and group significantly effect Pl. The findings of this study help marketing, managers and companies to understand young Malaysian consumers’ behavior and Pl. Keywords: external factors, purchase intention (Pl), young generation, Malaysia 1. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect Of External Factors On Purchase or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction Nowadays, purchase intention is more complicated and more significant for consumers than in the past. Customers are encompassed by reports, advertisements, articles and direct mailings that provide large amount of information. Moreover, different kinds of products, supplies, super markets and shopping malls have complex and difficult decision making. This study focuses on the young generation in Malaysia because of some reasons. Firstly, immature customer segment is known as special segment for some special products. Secondly, at the period of evolution from youth to early maturity, these customer segments have their unique consumer behaviors and attitudes (Safari, AAA). Thirdly, juveniles’ effect on their families and shape family consumer behavior; finally, young consumers can change and influence culture as well as society (Safari, AAA). In addition, according to the previous studies, investigators argued that the external actors (demographic, geographic and group) influence Pl. Besides, there are some difficulties in applying these factors and measuring their effects on Pl. The effect of demographic on Pl is complicated and confusing that needs to be examined. For instance, consumers 18 to 24-year-old are â€Å"more likely than other consumers to buy a product on the spur of the moment and change brands if the mood strikes† (Abdul Raze Summarizing, 2009). Apart from that, there are still some studies that indicate the males and females behave and make Pl in different Ways. Teenage boys were more utilitarian, whereas manage girls are more social/conspicuous conscious† (Cathy Vincent, 2006). Furthermore, different races have different behaviors, which can significantly affect Pl; for example, the Malady are more patriotic to the local brands compared to two other Malaysian races. Likewise, group influen ce significantly affects Pl. Group (social networks, television, influential, books) influences on young generation in Malaysia and changes their culture, behavior and purchase intention because they have adapted with other cultures (Eon, Ata Philip, 2008). 2. Literature Review Purchase intention means a consumer prefers to buy a product or service cause he/she finds that he/she needs a particular product or service, or even attitude towards a product and perception of product. In other words, purchase intention means consumer will buy a product once again after she or he evaluates a product and finds out that the product worth buying. While consumers select one particular product, the final decision on accepting 153 WV,m. Essence. Org/birr International Business Research Volvo. 5, No. 8; 2012 a product to buy or rejecting it depends on consumers’ intention. Also, a large number of external factors have been recognized, which can affect Pl (Keller, 2001). 2. The Effect of Demography on Pl One of the most important features which influence Pl is demographic (age, gender and race). Young consumers in different ages have different behavior. A nineteen years old consumer may behave differently with a twenty five years old consumer. For example, some young consumers are more concerned on the labeled products than other young consumers (Nabob Mimed, 2010). The effect of gender depends on some factors. For example, females are more concerned about those kinds of products that are directly related to house because as housewives, the quality of the products is more important or them compared to men. Thereby, label, brands and quality have effects on consumers’ PI (Seasonal, All Seabird, 2006; Safari, Bibb). The other factors that shape Pl among males and females are information and education. For example, a study shows that females are less experienced with online purchasing; therefore, they rely on other recommendations than males during decision making process (Ciao Yang, 2010). Atmosphere and environment also influence on consumers’ Pl among males and females. An investigation shows that music in restaurants has more effect on females than males. Stephanie Wilson, 2003). In addition, studies showed that men are more risk taking than women and they are more reliance on themselves to make purchase decision than women (Seed, 2003). Different ethnic groups act differently to make purchase decision. For example, studies in the United States have shown that African-Americans in some cases have different purchase intentions than the whites (Americans). Some factors can have effects on different races such as media, advertisements, and televisions. The other example shows that 16% of married white women are more likely to do mom purchase than married black women in the United States; but some other factors (socio-economic, environment, culture, income) could be combined with race to achieve better outcomes (Ciao Yang, 2010). 2. 2 The Effect of Geography on Pl The other external factor that influences consumers’ Pl is geography. Locations that products are being produced and manufactured are very important for consumers and can shape their Pl. A place to shop for organic products is crucially integral for consumers. For instance, a research demonstrates that majority of consumers prefer to buy their organic food ND products from hypermarkets and shopping malls and only a few of them enjoy of buying products in farms (Sit Inertia, 2010). 2. 3 The Effect of Group on Pl Group also affects consumers and their Pl. Previous experiences of celebrities have utilized different assumptions and basic theoretical grounds Of psychology to describe how a sponsorship as an influential effect consumers’ Pl and their behavior (Speed Thompson, 2000). Sport celebrities as a group of influential figures have significant influences on young consumers especially when they want to make decision to choose a brand and Pl. Star members in each team have significant effects on consumer behavior. Thus, they would make brand for the team’s sponsor because team members are able to attract enormous amount of consumers for a brand (Arcadias Fairyland, 2006). 3. Research Methodology 3. 1 Measures Data has been mainly collected based on primary research and secondary research was used as well. Previous literatures were studied to recognize the factors influencing consumer Pl. Learning and understanding key points from previous literatures were combined with this current research study to obtain better results. Sampling strategy is based on probability based. The population is in age group of 17-32 years old as millennial/young generation. Questionnaire has distributed to some Malaysian universities. According to the aim of this research, the race of population has to be Malaysian only and questions Were written in English language. The sample Was selected from universities (senior and junior students). SPAS soft. Are was used to measure/ analyze the data. 3. 2 Hypothesis Demographic factors positively effects on purchase intention, for example, there is a difference between young consumers and adult generation in the ease of purchase intention. In some cases, male and female consumers act differently to make purchase decision and also different races have different influences on purchase intention 154 WV. Essence. Org/birr Volvo. 5, NO. 8; 2012 (Hide, Ger ard Alex, 2008). Thereby, age, gender and race are strongly affecting Pl, which has been proven by previous studies. HI : (a): Age influence PI (b): Gender influence Pl (c): Race influence Pl Malaysia is divided into two different parts: west and east. Sit (2010) noted that different areas and locations have different effects on consumers’ behavior and purchase intention. Consumers in cities and villages (rural and urban) have different behavior and purchase intention (Wong Yah, 2008). Therefore, rural and urban influence Pl differently. H2O: Geographic influence on Pl. Friend, relative, colleague/classmates and Media impact on purchase intention. HA: Group affects Pl. . 3 Data Collection The questionnaire in this study has been distributed to 350 respondents. 325 respondents have returned the completed questionnaire, which made up 93% of overall responses. We have given the questionnaire to students usually in their classes and we had left them and given them enough time to answer the questions. After 30 to 45 minutes we went back to classes and ask students to return questionnaires. The S PAS software has been used to analyze the effects of external factors (demographic, geographic and group influence) on Pl. Consumers between 17-32 years old were selected as young generation. The research was carried out at different regions in Malaysia such as International Islamic University Malaysia (MM), University Sebastian Malaysia (LIKE), University Putty Malaysia (JIM), Multimedia University (MIX) and Nation Library. The questions mainly examined the effects of rends, relatives, classmates/colleagues and media on consumers’ Pl. All scales measured on 7-point Liker-type scales ranging from â€Å"strongly disagree† to â€Å"strongly agree†. The demographic factor is divided into three separate categories. These three groups involved age, gender and race, which will be explained in the following subsections. As demonstrated in Table 1, most respondents involved are in the age group of 22-26 years old. Analysis shows that 30. 2% of the respondents belong to 17-21 age group, 40. 9% belong to 22-26 age group and only 28. 9% are in the age range of 27-32 years old. The majority of the respondents are females; 221 respondents are female (68%) and 1 04 are males, which contributes to 32% of the total respondents participated in this study. How to cite The Effect Of External Factors On Purchase, Papers